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Imperial War Museum North
Imperial War Museum North (sometimes referred to as IWM North) is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. One of five branches of the Imperial War Museum, it explores the impact of modern conflicts on people and society. It is the first branch of the Imperial War Museum to be located in the north of England. The museum occupies a site overlooking the Manchester Ship Canal in Trafford Park, an area which during the Second World War was a key industrial centre and consequently heavily bombed during the Manchester Blitz in 1940. The area is now home to the Lowry cultural centre and the MediaCityUK development, which stand opposite the museum at Salford Quays.
The museum building was designed by architect Daniel Libeskind and opened in July 2002, receiving 470,000 visitors in its first year of opening. It was recognised with awards or prize nominations for its architecture. The museum features a permanent exhibition of chronological and thematic displays, supported by hourly audiovisual presentations which are projected throughout the gallery space. The museum also hosts a programme of temporary exhibitions in a separate gallery. Since opening, the museum has operated a successful volunteer programme, which since January 2007 has been run in partnership with Manchester Museum. As part of a national museum, Imperial War Museum North is financed by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and by self-generated income. Admission is free.
==Planning and construction==
During the 1990s, the Imperial War Museum sought to open a branch in the north of England. Seventy-one sites were offered for consideration by 36 local councils.〔Glancey, Jonathan (22 April 2002) The Guardian (War and peace and quiet ). Retrieved 14 April 2010〕 One such council was that of Hartlepool, in County Durham, for whom a new museum building was designed by architect Sir Norman Foster for a site on Hartlepool's dockside.〔Glancey, Jonathan (27 July 1994) ''The Independent'' (Architecture: Renaissance in the North ). Retrieved 7 October 2009.〕 In 1992 the Teesside Development Corporation offered the museum, on behalf of Hartlepool council, a total of £14.4 million towards construction and running costs.〔National Audit Office (27 February 2002) (The Operation and wind up of Teesside Development Corporation ) (London: The Stationery Office) p.26. Retrieved 6 October 2009.〕 However, the National Audit Office later reported that the Corporation's offer breached government rules and negotiations were abandoned.〔〔''Hartlepool Mail'' (27 February 2002) (findarticles.com) (TDC cost taxpayers £34m ). Retrieved 6 October 2009.〕
In January 1999 the then Culture Secretary Chris Smith launched a project to construct the new museum in Trafford, Greater Manchester.〔〔PR Newswire (Press Release) (25 January 1999) (Smith hails 'wonderful' War Museum project ). Retrieved 22 October 2009.〕 The Trafford Park area has strong associations with the Second World War on the British home front; factories in the area produced Avro Lancaster heavy bombers, and Rolls-Royce Merlin aero engines used by a number of Royal Air Force combat aircraft.〔 pp. 103–104〕 By 1945 the area employed 75,000 people.〔 pp. 130–133〕 The area was consequently heavily bombed, particularly during the Manchester Blitz, when 684 people were killed in raids over two nights in December 1940.〔Imperial War Museum North (2009) (Manchester Blitz ). Retrieved 22 October 2009.〕 By the time of Chris Smith's announcement, the museum had already received outline planning permission (in October 1997), with full approval in April 1999.〔Williams, Austin (19 October 2000) ''Architects' Journal'' (Conflict Resolution ). Retrieved 6 October 2009.〕
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